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Configuration

Configure Spring Boot applications using Java config and properties.

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Spring Configuration

@Configuration and @Bean

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @Bean
    public Clock clock() {
        return Clock.systemDefaultZone();
    }
}

Configuration Properties

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
public class AppProperties {
    private String name;
    private int maxRetryCount;
    private List<String> supportedLanguages;

    // Getters and setters
}

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(AppProperties.class)
public class AppConfig { }

application.properties

app.name=MyApp
app.max-retry-count=3
app.supported-languages=en,es,fr

Profile-Specific Configuration

application.properties          ← Common config
application-dev.properties     ← Development config
application-prod.properties    ← Production config
application-test.properties    ← Test config

Spring Best Practices

Configuration

  • Use properties over YAML for simple configs
  • Externalize configuration
  • Use profiles for environments
  • Validate on startup

Bean Management

  • Prefer constructor injection
  • Use appropriate scope
  • Implement lazy initialization
  • Clean up resources

Security

  • Use Spring Security
  • Implement CSRF protection
  • Use method-level security
  • Log security events

Key Points

  • Understanding Spring Configuration is essential for production systems
  • Always consider scalability and maintainability
  • Test thoroughly before deploying to production
  • Monitor performance and set up alerting

Common Patterns

  1. Validation: Always validate input at the boundary
  2. Error Handling: Use structured error responses
  3. Logging: Log key events for debugging
  4. Testing: Unit, integration, and load tests
  5. Documentation: Keep docs updated with code changes

Practice Problems

0/3solved
Implement Spring Configuration

Design and implement a solution for Spring Configuration in a backend system. Consider scalability, error handling, and production readiness.

Solution
// Spring Configuration implementation
// Key aspects: validation, error handling, logging, testing

public class SpringConfiguration {
    // Production-ready implementation
}
Spring Configuration Edge Cases

Identify and handle edge cases for Spring Configuration. What happens under high load, with invalid input, or during failures?

Solution
// Edge case handling:
// 1. Null/empty input -> validation
// 2. High load -> rate limiting, queuing
// 3. Failures -> retries, circuit breaker
// 4. Concurrent access -> locks, idempotency
Spring Configuration Testing Strategy

Write a testing strategy for Spring Configuration. Include unit tests, integration tests, and performance tests.

Solution
// Test plan:
// - Unit: 80% coverage target
// - Integration: API contracts
// - Performance: latency, throughput
// - Chaos: failure injection

Quiz

1. What does @Configuration indicate?

Question 1 options

2. How do you bind properties to a Java class?

Question 2 options

3. What is the primary purpose of Spring Configuration?

Question 3 options

4. What is a common mistake when implementing Spring Configuration?

Question 4 options

Flashcards

Question

@Configuration purpose?

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Answer

Marks class that defines beans via @Bean methods

Question

@ConfigurationProperties purpose?

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Answer

Binds grouped properties (prefix) to a POJO

Question

What is Spring Configuration?

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Answer

Spring Configuration is a key concept in backend development.

Question

When to use Spring Configuration?

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Answer

Use Spring Configuration when building production systems that require reliability, scalability, and maintainability.

Question

Spring Configuration best practices

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Answer

Follow SOLID principles, write clean code, test thoroughly, document decisions, and monitor in production.

Revision Notes

Key Takeaways

  • 1.@Configuration defines beans via @Bean methods
  • 2.@ConfigurationProperties binds properties to POJOs
  • 3.Profile-specific configs: application-{profile}.properties
  • 4.Java-based config replaces XML configuration

Interview Tips

  • •Know how to create custom configuration
  • •Understand profile-specific configs

Cheat Sheet

Spring Configuration

  • @Configuration: Class with @Bean methods
  • @Bean: Defines a Spring bean
  • @ConfigurationProperties: Binds properties to POJO
  • Profiles: application-{dev,prod,test}.properties